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Raymond Douglas "Ray" Bradbury (August 22, 1920June 5, 2012) was an American fantasy, science fiction, horror and mystery fiction author. Widely known for his dystopian novel ''Fahrenheit 451'' (1953) as well as his science fiction and horror story collections ''The Martian Chronicles'' (1950) and ''The Illustrated Man'' (1951), Bradbury was one of the most celebrated 20th- and 21st-century American genre writers. Recipient of numerous awards, including a 2007 Pulitzer Citation, Bradbury also wrote and consulted on screenplays and television scripts, including ''Moby Dick''〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ray Bradbury )〕 and ''It Came from Outer Space''. Many of his works were adapted to comic book, television and film formats. On his death in 2012, ''The New York Times'' called Bradbury "the writer most responsible for bringing modern science fiction into the literary mainstream." ==Early life== Bradbury was born on August 22, 1920〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ray Bradbury – Information, Facts, and Links died )〕 in Waukegan, Illinois,〔p.141 Bloom, Harold ''Ray Bradbury'' 2010 Infobase Publishing〕 to Esther (née Moberg) Bradbury, a Swedish immigrant, and Leonard Spaulding Bradbury,〔Touponce, William F. "Ray (Douglas) Bradbury." ''American Writers: A Collection of Literary Biographies, Supplement 4.'' Ed. A Walton Litz and Molly Weigel. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1996. Literature Resources from Gale. November 16, 2010.〕 a power and telephone lineman of English descent.〔Certificate of Birth, Ray Douglas Bradbury, August 22, 1920, Lake County Clerk's Record #4750. Although he was named after Rae Williams, a cousin on his father's side, Ray Bradbury's birth certificate spells his first name as "Ray."〕 He was given the middle name "Douglas," after the actor Douglas Fairbanks. Bradbury was related to the American Shakespeare scholar Douglas Spaulding〔The Spaulding Family Memorial, 1899〕 and was descended from Mary Bradbury, who was tried at one of the Salem witch trials in 1692. Bradbury was surrounded by an extended family during his early childhood and formative years in Waukegan, Illinois. An aunt read him short stories when he was a child.〔Paradowski, Robert J. "Ray Bradbury." Critical Survey of Short Fiction, Second Revised Edition" 2001:1–5. EBSCO. November 8, 2010.〕 This period provided foundations for both the author and his stories. In Bradbury's works of fiction, 1920s Waukegan becomes "Green Town," Illinois. The Bradbury family lived in Tucson, Arizona, in 1926–27 and 1932–33 as the father pursued employment, each time returning to Waukegan, but eventually settled in Los Angeles in 1934, when Bradbury was 14. The family arrived with only 40 dollars, which paid for rent and food until his father finally found a job making wire at a cable company for $14 a week. This meant that they could stay, however, and Bradbury—who was in love with Hollywood—was ecstatic. Bradbury attended Los Angeles High School and was active in the drama club. He often roller-skated through Hollywood in hopes of meeting celebrities. Among the creative and talented people Bradbury met this way were special effects pioneer Ray Harryhausen and radio star George Burns. (Bradbury's first pay as a writer was at the age of fourteen, when Burns hired him to write for the Burns and Allen show.〔(Ray Bradbury's close encounters with W.C. Fields, George Burns... ) by Susan King; ''Los Angeles Times'', August 18, 2010〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Old Radio Shows.org )〕) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ray Bradbury」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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